Fig. 2

Sex differences on cognition and reserve contributors. (A) Sex differences on cognitive domains. (B) Sex differences on reserve contributors. Females had significantly better episodic and relational memory than males. Females have significantly lower occupational attainment than males. The violin plots show the data distribution. The line that divides the box into two parts represents the median value. The ends of the box represent the upper (Q3) and lower (Q1) quartiles of the data. The extreme lines of the boxplot show Q3 + 1.5 × interquartile to Q1–1.5 × interquartile range. The black dots beyond the extreme lines show potential outliers. *** = p < 0.0005